thalassemia minor and covid immunity

Those two factors make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-. Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. An official website of the United States government. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . In this study, the most common side effects in people with thalassemia were: Researchers are still examining how COVID-19 affects people with beta thalassemia. Its more common in many of the same parts of the world as alpha-thalassemia. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. Blood types can also serve as receptors for viruses and bacteria, and that could be another factor, explained Dr. Russo, there may be some other, completely different component of type O blood that works to prevent infection. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? Alpha thalassemia. Am J Hematol. Am J Hematol. In many cases, alpha thalassemia may also need blood transfusions to manage. A doctor can look at your mean corpuscular volume (MCV) reading on your CBC results to determine the size of your red blood cells. Acta Biomed. I declare no competing interests. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. See additional information. Eating nutritious foods is important for everyone to maintain a healthy lifestyle - a diet, high in fruits and vegetables and low in fats is ideal for gaining the essential nutrients our bodies need. Noun P, Ibrahim A, Hodroj MH, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT. The use of corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) can have both positive and negative effects and must be carefully weighed in people with thalassemia. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? Acta Biomed. What Are the Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome? Future Sci OA. Your doctor can address any particular concerns you may have. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to blood bank shortages, which have created challenges for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. Thalassemia results from an affected gene that causes the problem with hemoglobin. Hemoglobin allows your red blood cells to carry oxygen to other cells throughout your body. What to Know About Thalassemia and COVID-19. 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. It causes mild to severe respiratory illness with some flu-like symptoms. Special consideration is needed for both people who have had their spleens removed and for those who have had bone marrow/stem cell transplants to treat their thalassemia. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. Bookshelf Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. For example, some of the common complications and coexisting conditions caused by thalassemia may also worsen COVID-19. Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations. Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent -thalassemia patients and effects of associated comorbidities: an Iranian nationwide study. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. Treatment may include regular blood transfusions. Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. Harewood J, et al. PMC They also shouldnt get it if they have a known allergy to a component of the vaccine. Int J Mol Sci. government site. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing part of your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body. As an example, on March 17, 2020, the Red Cross announced that their blood reserves were reduced by around 80% in the United States due to canceled donations and reduced distribution. Epub 2020 Sep 15. You likely wont have any symptoms. 5, 25, 26, 27 However, no details were provided as to the outcomes and course of the pregnancy in this . (Source: File Photo) For almost a week now, Delhi resident Komal Mehta has been making frantic calls for O-negative blood for her 16-year-old son, a thalassemia major, who requires a blood transfusion every 21 days.While his blood transfusion of two units was to take place on March 13, Mehta has not been able to . It's also helpful to know your blood typespecifically the Rh factorduring pregnancy, so your doctor can troubleshoot if the unborn baby has a different Rh factor. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. Thalassemia is classified as alpha or beta depending on the part of hemoglobin your body isnt producing in adequate amounts. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. See additional information. (2022). Beta-thalassemia trait is less common. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2017. The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . The study found that patients with blood types A and AB were found to be more likely to require mechanical ventilation and to require dialysis for kidney failure. While the research is early and there is much left to be learned, people who have thalassemia (at least some types) may be more susceptible to contracting coronavirus and having a serious outcome. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. IgA is active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, several months after this non-heritable treatment, all patients no longer needed frequent . If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. Li L, et al. In some cases, the inherited mutation can cause the HBB gene to be absent. What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? 2020;105(1):1623. This is the most severe form of this disorder. Thalassemia trait, aka thalassemia minor, usually doesnt cause health issues. Blood tests can reveal the number of red blood cells and abnormalities in size, shape or color. Its also the only way to tell if youre a silent carrier. However, some limited evidence suggests that certain types of thalassemia may have some protective effect against COVID-19. Heavy alcohol drinking is known to further aggravate anemia. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10155, De Sanctis VD, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. The site is secure. It's hard to focus on positives at this time, but sometimes making an effort can help you find a sense of gratitude that would otherwise be elusive. 2020;91(3):e2020026. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are . Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? . FOIA 2020;95(8):E198-E199. Beta thalassemia. EHA and TIF Explore How COVID-19 Is Affecting Thalassemia and SCD Patients. Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. You can also have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. But some silent carriers of alpha-thalassemia may need a DNA test to know for sure. Yet, no matter how difficult the trial, there are often positive points. People with certain medical conditions. Several genes contribute to the production of hemoglobin. Beta thalassemia. Regular screenings are often recommended. (2022). 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Its most common in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. It's recommended that antibiotics be started immediately if people develop a fever or other signs of an infection. Each one has different subtypes and hence the severity . Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus . Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. Its considered safer to wait to begin gene therapy or prepare for a stem-cell transplant for thalassemia in communities currently affected by COVID-19. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. The third group includes people with Thalassemia minor, who have mild anaemia only. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. Unlike its alpha counterpart, only one gene (HBB) is responsible for making hemoglobin beta. Anecdotal reports are surfacing that some people are developing tinnitus days after receiving one of the COVID vaccines. Folic acid can help red blood cells develop. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. Some research suggests that people with beta thalassemia may be at an elevated risk of developing severe illness or death from COVID-19, but research is still mixed. This can make them very anaemic (tired, short of breath and pale). Examples of coexisting conditions included insulin-dependent diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, kidney disease, osteoporosis, hepatitis C, liver disease, and asthma. Its severity varies greatly between people. In that event, it's advisable that the therapy be stopped until the infection has cleared. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. Other types of thalassemia cause more severe symptoms that can be found earlier in life, usually before a child is . eCollection 2023. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. Whats the outlook for people who have beta thalassemia? A temporary drop in hemoglobin levels was noted 3 months after vaccination. They do not require any specific treatment. -. They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. But some researchers believe it may, based on the primarily mild symptoms of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia found in a study out of Southeast Asia. The researchers recommend that people with thalassemia major should be followed closely by a doctor. We avoid using tertiary references. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). 2023 Mar 2;24(5):4809. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054809. It's currently recommended that people with thalassemia who have severe COVID-19 be given blood thinners, though this could change as more is learned. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. Transfusion. "Long COVID" is a term meaning symptoms that persist after the infection has cleared. There are some theories on why there could be a link: Your red blood cells are covered with molecules that are known as antigens, Thomas Russo, MD, professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo, told Health. This condition can cause abrupt changes in blood pressure or heart rate that may worsen a person's condition during a COVID-19 infection.
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